Environmental spirits, known as Engkanto, possess the intriguing ability to manifest in human form and are often intertwined with the ancestral spirits (umalagad) in Filipino folklore. Primarily associated with forest spirits or elves, belief in their existence spans centuries and persists in contemporary culture.
Engkanto exhibit parallels with humans, aging, displaying distinct genders, and susceptible to illnesses and mortality, making them integral figures in Filipino mythology. They are envisioned as ethereal beings, often depicted as slender, aesthetically pleasing individuals with features such as crystal-blue eyes, fair complexion, and golden hair. Some accounts suggest peculiar traits like leaf-shaped ears, heightened noses, and the absence of a philtrum. Additionally, they are described as towering over humans and possessing a captivating radiance, particularly under direct sunlight, with some tales portraying them with sharpened teeth when provoked.
Various manifestations of Engkanto exist, showcasing sexual dimorphism such as the Bagobo spirits, differentiated into the female tahamaling and male mahomanay, with distinctive complexion traits. These spirits typically reside in natural formations like large rocks or trees, although they may reveal grand palaces to trusted individuals. Descriptions of different Engkanto groups, such as the Dalaketnon, highlight contrasting physical features based on gender.
Engkanto exhibit diverse behaviors across narratives, emphasizing the need for respectful and cautious interaction. Their capricious nature demands careful treatment, as they can bestow blessings or curses based on perceived treatment. They hold the capacity for vengeance, even for perceived slights, yet can be generous to those who treat them well, offering wealth or power. However, failure to reciprocate their affection may result in abduction or other consequences, underscoring the complex dynamics between humans and Engkanto in Filipino folklore.
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